h.7
阿那克西美尼對冷熱的闡釋,來自於他對日常生活中某些現象的觀察。雖然他的理論在今天看來仍然幼稚,但與他的前輩一樣,他的主要貢獻在於創立了研究範式。這種「把紛繁的現象歸結在一個統一的理論框架之下」的研究思路,沿用至今。
A C Grayling這樣評價阿那克西美尼的貢獻:
The observation that air blown through pressed-together lips is cool, but warm when exhaled from an open mouth, is verifiable: one can do the simple experiment and feel the proof on the back of one’s hand. This shows that Anaximenes’ views were attempts to make sense of observation, and – this is the significant point – doing so in a systematic, inclusive theory that brought all phenomena together into a single explanatory framework constrained by those observable facts. That the resources both conceptual and practical for devising such a framework were primitive – these thinkers were starting from scratch – only makes one admire them more.
今天的人們已經把這種思維方式視作理所當然了。但若回到那個時代去審視,迷信神明和權威才是主流。米利都三巨人踩下了通往文明之路的最早一批腳印,指明了正確的方向,這樣後世才得以披荊斬棘、大踏步地向前走。
古希臘當之無愧是現代文明的唯一搖籃!(古希臘文明的崇高地位,並不在於他們有什麼高超的技術發明——同時期的古中國技術水平也很亮眼。最重要的,永遠是思想!思想!思想!)