h.3
再補充兩個泰勒斯的事跡。
亞里士多德在其著作《政治學》中也講了一個故事:泰勒斯由於精通天象,所以還在冬天的時候就知道來年的橄欖要有一場大豐收。於是,他將他所有的錢拿來作為租用丘斯和米利都的全部橄欖榨油器的押金。由於當時沒有人跟他爭價,所以他的租價是很低的。到了收穫的時節,突然間需要許多榨油器,他就恣意地抬高價錢,於是賺了一大筆。泰勒斯向世界證明了,只要哲學家們願意,就很容易發財致富,但他們的雄心卻是屬於另外的一種。
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德在他的著作《歷史》中則提到這樣一個傳奇事件:美索不達米亞的兩個部族呂底亞人(Lydians)和米堤亞人(Medes)連續打了5年惡仗,未見勝負。米利都的智者泰勒斯預先知道將會有日食發生,便警告雙方說上天反對戰爭,如果不停戰,某一天他們的光明就會被奪走。在雙方交戰第6年的某一天,忽然間天昏地暗、黑夜驟臨。戰士們大為驚恐,認定這是上天發出的警告,於是紛紛拋下武器,停戰議和。
《大英百科全書線上版》裡對泰勒斯的貢獻有一段很精準的描述,抄錄在此:
Thales’ significance lies less in his choice of water as the essential substance than in his attempt to explain nature by the simplification of phenomena and in his search for causes within nature itself rather than in the caprices of anthropomorphic gods. Like his successors the philosophers Anaximander (610–546/545 BCE) and Anaximenes of Miletus (flourished c. 545 BCE), Thales is important in bridging the worlds of myth and reason.
caprice /kəˈpriːs/: A caprice is an unexpected action or decision which has no strong reason or purpose.
anthropomorphic /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfɪk/: treating gods, animals or objects as if they had human qualities